The student is expected to draw on phonics knowledge to decipher the meaning and spelling of words, is also encouraged to use context and prior knowledge to make out its meaning. Phonics is simply part of a literacy lesson, rather than a lesson on its own. Proponents of literacy instruction through the whole-language approach consider phonics an integral part of the method, but certainly not its focus. Although this is a rigorous process in many respects, it fails to take into account how a student is to make sense of a word they can pronounce correctly but don’t know the meaning of. The learner starts with a deconstructed language: they’re presented with the word “cat,” for example, and are expected to break it down to its constituent parts, or rather letter-sounds (in this case, /k, æ, t/). The phonics approach is often labeled as a bottoms-up approach. Ultimately, the student will master the spelling/sound correspondence for words, and will then be able to attach the meaning of the word to that basic knowledge. In a phonics-approach classroom, students are explicitly taught the spelling and phonological rules of vocabulary, which they are then expected to apply in the ensuing practice sessions. Attention is given to the proper spelling, pronunciation, and usage of a word, as opposed to its meaning and contextual purpose. Proponents of the phonics approach believe that when you sound out the words you’re reading it gives you the time and stimuli necessary for processing what you’re reading, which provides the basis for comprehension.Ī child who uses the phonics approach to reading is expected to be very accurate in how they read and pronounce each word. Which is better? What should we be doing when teaching reading to our young students? And then there are those on the other side, who argue in favor of the whole-language approach to reading: reading that focuses on context and word meaning. There are those who believe a phonics approach to reading is the solution – that phonics is what children understand and need when first learning to read. The debate still rages, and the “Reading Wars” are fiercer than ever.
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